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</a></div> <!----></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><a href="/fe/" aria-current="page" class="sidebar-link">大前端学习路径 + B站资源整合</a></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>HTML</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>CSS</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>JavaScript</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>TypeScript</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>ES6</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Vue</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Vue3</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>React</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>Webpack</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/fe/webpack/" aria-current="page" class="sidebar-link">对webpack的理解？解决了什么问题？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/webpack/build_process.html" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">面试官：说说webpack的构建流程?</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/webpack/build_process.html#一、运行流程" class="sidebar-link">一、运行流程</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/webpack/build_process.html#参考文献" class="sidebar-link">参考文献</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/fe/webpack/Loader.html" class="sidebar-link">Loader</a></li><li><a href="/fe/webpack/Plugin.html" class="sidebar-link">Plugin</a></li><li><a href="/fe/webpack/Loader_Plugin.html" class="sidebar-link">Loader和Plugin的区别？编写Loader，Plugin的思路？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/webpack/HMR.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：说说webpack的热更新是如何做到的？原理是什么？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/webpack/proxy.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：说说webpack proxy工作原理？为什么能解决跨域?</a></li><li><a href="/fe/webpack/performance.html" class="sidebar-link">Webpack 性能优化</a></li><li><a href="/fe/webpack/improve_build.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：如何提高webpack的构建速度？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/webpack/Rollup_Parcel_snowpack_Vite.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：与webpack类似的工具还有哪些？区别？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/webpack/babel.html" class="sidebar-link">Babel</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Node.js</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>性能优化</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>手写代码</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="面试官-说说webpack的构建流程"><a href="#面试官-说说webpack的构建流程" class="header-anchor">#</a> 面试官：说说webpack的构建流程?</h1> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/96cf6840-a658-11eb-85f6-6fac77c0c9b3.png" alt=""></p> <h2 id="一、运行流程"><a href="#一、运行流程" class="header-anchor">#</a> 一、运行流程</h2> <p><code>webpack</code> 的运行流程是一个串行的过程，它的工作流程就是将各个插件串联起来</p> <p>在运行过程中会广播事件，插件只需要监听它所关心的事件，就能加入到这条<code>webpack</code>机制中，去改变<code>webpack</code>的运作，使得整个系统扩展性良好</p> <p>从启动到结束会依次执行以下三大步骤：</p> <ul><li>初始化流程：从配置文件和 <code>Shell</code> 语句中读取与合并参数，并初始化需要使用的插件和配置插件等执行环境所需要的参数</li> <li>编译构建流程：从 Entry 发出，针对每个 Module 串行调用对应的 Loader 去翻译文件内容，再找到该 Module 依赖的 Module，递归地进行编译处理</li> <li>输出流程：对编译后的 Module 组合成 Chunk，把 Chunk 转换成文件，输出到文件系统</li></ul> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/b566d400-a658-11eb-85f6-6fac77c0c9b3.png" alt=""></p> <h3 id="初始化流程"><a href="#初始化流程" class="header-anchor">#</a> 初始化流程</h3> <p>从配置文件和 <code>Shell</code> 语句中读取与合并参数，得出最终的参数</p> <p>配置文件默认下为<code>webpack.config.js</code>，也或者通过命令的形式指定配置文件，主要作用是用于激活<code>webpack</code>的加载项和插件</p> <p>关于文件配置内容分析，如下注释：</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'path'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> node_modules <span class="token operator">=</span> path<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>__dirname<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'node_modules'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> pathToReact <span class="token operator">=</span> path<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>node_modules<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'react/dist/react.min.js'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

module<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exports <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 入口文件，是模块构建的起点，同时每一个入口文件对应最后生成的一个 chunk。</span>
  entry<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'./path/to/my/entry/file.js'</span>，
  <span class="token comment">// 文件路径指向(可加快打包过程)。</span>
  resolve<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    alias<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token string">'react'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> pathToReact
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 生成文件，是模块构建的终点，包括输出文件与输出路径。</span>
  output<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    path<span class="token operator">:</span> path<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>__dirname<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'build'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    filename<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'[name].js'</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 这里配置了处理各模块的 loader ，包括 css 预处理 loader ，es6 编译 loader，图片处理 loader。</span>
  module<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    loaders<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        test<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token regex"><span class="token regex-delimiter">/</span><span class="token regex-source language-regex">\.js$</span><span class="token regex-delimiter">/</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        loader<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'babel'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        query<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          presets<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'es2015'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    noParse<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pathToReact<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token comment">// webpack 各插件对象，在 webpack 的事件流中执行对应的方法。</span>
  plugins<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">webpack<span class="token punctuation">.</span>HotModuleReplacementPlugin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p><code>webpack</code> 将 <code>webpack.config.js</code> 中的各个配置项拷贝到 <code>options</code> 对象中，并加载用户配置的 <code>plugins</code></p> <p>完成上述步骤之后，则开始初始化<code>Compiler</code>编译对象，该对象掌控者<code>webpack</code>声明周期，不执行具体的任务，只是进行一些调度工作</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Compiler</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Tapable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">context</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>hooks <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            beforeCompile<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">AsyncSeriesHook</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;params&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            compile<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SyncHook</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;params&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            afterCompile<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">AsyncSeriesHook</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;compilation&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            make<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">AsyncParallelHook</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;compilation&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            entryOption<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SyncBailHook</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;context&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;entry&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 定义了很多不同类型的钩子</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token comment">// ...</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">webpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">options</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">var</span> compiler <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Compiler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token comment">// 检查options,若watch字段为true,则开启watch线程</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> compiler<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token operator">...</span>
</code></pre></div><p><code>Compiler</code> 对象继承自 <code>Tapable</code>，初始化时定义了很多钩子函数</p> <h3 id="编译构建流程"><a href="#编译构建流程" class="header-anchor">#</a> 编译构建流程</h3> <p>根据配置中的 <code>entry</code> 找出所有的入口文件</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>module<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exports <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  entry<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'./src/file.js'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>初始化完成后会调用<code>Compiler</code>的<code>run</code>来真正启动<code>webpack</code>编译构建流程，主要流程如下：</p> <ul><li><code>compile</code> 开始编译</li> <li><code>make</code> 从入口点分析模块及其依赖的模块，创建这些模块对象</li> <li><code>build-module</code> 构建模块</li> <li><code>seal</code> 封装构建结果</li> <li><code>emit</code> 把各个chunk输出到结果文件</li></ul> <h4 id="compile-编译"><a href="#compile-编译" class="header-anchor">#</a> compile 编译</h4> <p>执行了<code>run</code>方法后，首先会触发<code>compile</code>，主要是构建一个<code>Compilation</code>对象</p> <p>该对象是编译阶段的主要执行者，主要会依次下述流程：执行模块创建、依赖收集、分块、打包等主要任务的对象</p> <h4 id="make-编译模块"><a href="#make-编译模块" class="header-anchor">#</a> make 编译模块</h4> <p>当完成了上述的<code>compilation</code>对象后，就开始从<code>Entry</code>入口文件开始读取，主要执行<code>_addModuleChain()</code>函数，如下：</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">_addModuleChain</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dependency<span class="token punctuation">,</span> onModule<span class="token punctuation">,</span> callback</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
   <span class="token operator">...</span>
   <span class="token comment">// 根据依赖查找对应的工厂函数</span>
   <span class="token keyword">const</span> Dep <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token comment">/** @type {DepConstructor} */</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>dependency<span class="token punctuation">.</span>constructor<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
   <span class="token keyword">const</span> moduleFactory <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>dependencyFactories<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dep<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
   
   <span class="token comment">// 调用工厂函数NormalModuleFactory的create来生成一个空的NormalModule对象</span>
   moduleFactory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
       dependencies<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>dependency<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
       <span class="token operator">...</span>
   <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">err<span class="token punctuation">,</span> module</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
       <span class="token operator">...</span>
       <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">afterBuild</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">processModuleDependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>module<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token parameter">err</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
         <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">callback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
         <span class="token function">callback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> module<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
           <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
       
       <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">buildModule</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>module<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token parameter">err</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
           <span class="token operator">...</span>
           <span class="token function">afterBuild</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
       <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
   <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>过程如下：</p> <p><code>_addModuleChain</code>中接收参数<code>dependency</code>传入的入口依赖，使用对应的工厂函数<code>NormalModuleFactory.create</code>方法生成一个空的<code>module</code>对象</p> <p>回调中会把此<code>module</code>存入<code>compilation.modules</code>对象和<code>dependencies.module</code>对象中，由于是入口文件，也会存入<code>compilation.entries</code>中</p> <p>随后执行<code>buildModule</code>进入真正的构建模块<code>module</code>内容的过程</p> <h4 id="build-module-完成模块编译"><a href="#build-module-完成模块编译" class="header-anchor">#</a> build module 完成模块编译</h4> <p>这里主要调用配置的<code>loaders</code>，将我们的模块转成标准的<code>JS</code>模块</p> <p>在用<code>Loader</code> 对一个模块转换完后，使用 <code>acorn</code> 解析转换后的内容，输出对应的抽象语法树（<code>AST</code>），以方便 <code>Webpack</code>后面对代码的分析</p> <p>从配置的入口模块开始，分析其 <code>AST</code>，当遇到<code>require</code>等导入其它模块语句时，便将其加入到依赖的模块列表，同时对新找出的依赖模块递归分析，最终搞清所有模块的依赖关系</p> <h3 id="输出流程"><a href="#输出流程" class="header-anchor">#</a> 输出流程</h3> <h4 id="seal-输出资源"><a href="#seal-输出资源" class="header-anchor">#</a> seal 输出资源</h4> <p><code>seal</code>方法主要是要生成<code>chunks</code>，对<code>chunks</code>进行一系列的优化操作，并生成要输出的代码</p> <p><code>webpack</code> 中的 <code>chunk</code> ，可以理解为配置在 <code>entry</code> 中的模块，或者是动态引入的模块</p> <p>根据入口和模块之间的依赖关系，组装成一个个包含多个模块的 <code>Chunk</code>，再把每个 <code>Chunk</code> 转换成一个单独的文件加入到输出列表</p> <h4 id="emit-输出完成"><a href="#emit-输出完成" class="header-anchor">#</a> emit 输出完成</h4> <p>在确定好输出内容后，根据配置确定输出的路径和文件名</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>output<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    path<span class="token operator">:</span> path<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>__dirname<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'build'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        filename<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'[name].js'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>在 <code>Compiler</code> 开始生成文件前，钩子 <code>emit</code> 会被执行，这是我们修改最终文件的最后一个机会</p> <p>从而<code>webpack</code>整个打包过程则结束了</p> <h3 id="小结"><a href="#小结" class="header-anchor">#</a> 小结</h3> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/d77fc560-a658-11eb-85f6-6fac77c0c9b3.png" alt=""></p> <h2 id="参考文献"><a href="#参考文献" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考文献</h2> <ul><li>https://github.com/Cosen95/blog/issues/48</li> <li>https://developer.aliyun.com/article/61047</li></ul></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">更新时间:</span> <span class="time">12/14/2021, 10:12:35 AM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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